Radiation hazards and protection pdf

Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. The safety guide reflects the current internationally accepted principles and recommended good practices in occupational radiation protection, with account taken of the conceptual changes and technological enhancements that have occurred over the past decade. It is less likely, but damage to genetic material in reproductive cells can cause genetic mutations, which could be. Institutions in nepal still lack the adequate standards to maintain radiation. The next two sections on this page provide a starting point for recognizing hazards from radiation emitting equipment or devices. Richard vetter, professor of radiobiology and radiation protection at mayo clinic, discusses how ionizing radiation serves important purposes in clinical medicine as a. Gsr part 3 is jointly sponsored by the european commission, the food and agriculture organization. Their main duty is to ensure that work is carried out without hazard to the health of the people involved. Because of this potential hazard, the nrc strictly regulates commercial and institutional uses of nuclear material, including nuclear power plants. Radiation protection general requirements the licensed dentist and xray machine registrant must. Mpe and radio frequency protection guides rfpg in other publications. These generated hazards can impact the electronics in two ways either on the data lines or on the supply rail wires, depending on the environment. All life has evolved in an environment filled with radiation.

Health hazards of radiation an unprotected person in the accident place may in a short time receive such a great radiation dose that it has an immediate effect on the persons health. The first two sections on this page describe two sources of ionizing radiation. Title and date of the radiation safety and protection plan requiring change 4. Radiation hazards an overview sciencedirect topics. If you work with radiation, or if you work in an area where radiation is used, learn your companys procedures for radiation safety, and apply the safety practices discussed in this weeks tail gate safety topic. This lesson is about the causes and types of radiation hazards and about.

This section provides information to help employers and workers recognize ionizing radiation hazards in the workplace. Periodic inservice training and monitoring on radiation safety was suggested. Radiation protection an overview sciencedirect topics. State and local government employees are covered if they are in one of the 28 states and two territories that operate their own oshaapproved state. When setting standards of protection and safety, it is also important to take into account and apply ethical considerations.

Limiting the total beamon time avoiding oblique lateral projections prior to exposure,collimate the xray beam to the area of interest, avoid post exposure cropping of the image selecting low dose rate protocol. It strips away electrons from atoms breaks some chemical bonds. This manual published on 1 may, 2017 is a revised edition of the original radiation protection manual distributed in 20 by meru purpose, background and scope of the patient radiation protection manual national standards for better, safer healthcare. Acgih tlvs for visible light, ir and uv radiation occupational. Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the international atomic energy agency iaea as the protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this. This study demonstrated poor radiation protection practices despite good knowledge of radiation hazards among the participants, but radiation exposure and prevalence of abnormal clinical conditions were found to be low. An introduction to radiation protection seventh edition an introduction to radiation protection is a comprehensive account of radiation hazards and their control. Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body. Nuclear regulatory commission nrc, regulation of radioactive materials while some shipyard employment operations are covered by oshas uses of fissionable material in ship repairing and shipbuilding standard 29 cfr 1915.

An application for a possession licence must be accompanied by a proposed radiation safety and protection plan rspp for the radiation practice. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards. Radiation protection regulations are developed and implemented for a number of appropriate reasons, including furthering protection and safety of humans, attempts to improve safety for individuals engaged in radiation related activities, national security issues, and in response to the infrequent, but often highprofile. The radiation safety program should cover all aspects of gauge ownership, so virtually everything covered in this manual and training should be covered in the radiation safety program. Potential radiation exposure in military operations. Ppt radiation hazards powerpoint presentation free to. The most common type of ionizing radiation used in medicine all over the world are xrays since its discovery. Radiation protection regulations are developed and implemented for a number of appropriate reasons, including furthering protection and safety of humans, attempts to improve safety for individuals engaged in radiation related activities, national security issues, and in response to the infrequent, but often. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength that are deep penetrating. Information about radiation safety and protection plans under the radiation safety act 1999 any person who possesses a radiation source must have a possession licence issued under the act. Radiation hazard evaluation and control in hospitals. Feb 04, 2018 an overview of radiation hazard and protection. The publications by means of which the iaea establishes standards are issued in the iaea safety standards series.

Nuclear regulatory commission, nrc, such as xray equipment. The book is intended to meet the requirements of a wide range of readers who are involved, either directly or indirectly, with ionizing radiation, including nuclear plant designers. Energy that is transferred by either high energy particles or waves. Some people are more likely to develop cancer from radiation exposure than others. Tikhonov professor and director, central research institute for rontgenology and radiology, leningrad, ussr jointly sponsored. When is the hazard from direct sunlight at its worst. In larger organizations, the control of radiation hazards is the responsibility of specialists known as health physicists or, sometimes, health chemists.

Radiation is the transfer of energy through space from an emitting source. Beta radiation beta emitters are internal radiation hazards when taken inside the body. Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders following a nuclear detonation. Advisable skirt type lead apron to distribute weight. Information sheet information about radiation safety and. Radiation hazards, protection practices, civil structures, military. Guidance for the control of radiation hazards in uranium mining this report supersedes the preliminary frc staff report no.

Pdf knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. The main purpose in the control of radiation exposure. Patient protection radiation safety during xray examination of patient is ensured by. Cbrne chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive. These hazards can occur directly in the wiring harness in case of conducted hazards, or be applied indirectly to the electronic modules by radiation. This manual, approved by old dominion university s radiation safety committee is a statement of policies, procedures and expectations for all users, regardless of their status, of radioactive material and radiation producing machines. Principles of radiation protection justification, limitation and optimisation are combined with exposurelimiting factors time, distance and shielding to develop a hierarchy of control. Name of applicant name of the possession licensee as stated on the possession licence 2. Radiation protection concepts and principles new health technologies and medical devices using ionizing radiation have led to major improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Radiation hazard scale centers for disease control and.

Radiation protection document library radiation protection. The rso maintains, manages and is responsible for an effective radiation safety program. Assessment of baseline knowledge of radiation hazards and radiation protection practices of special groups at risk is essential in designing appropriate strategies for the prevention of unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation not only among health workers but their patients also. Awareness about radiation hazards and knowledge about. Example uses of radiation hazard scale in displaying environmental data.

Radiation safety and protection program requirement guidance. Beta particles can be stopped by the walls of a room or by a sheet of plastic about 1. The spectrum ranges from low energy extra low frequency radiation and radio waves to high. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices. There are obvious benefits from medical uses of xrays, however there are well established health risks from radiation if improperly applied.

In the military these hazards are segregated as follows. Radiation hazards 30 january 2015 43dr saad wahby al bayatti 43. A great dose of radiation destroys a lot of cells and can be the cause of a radiation illness. Beta emitters are internal radiation hazards when taken inside the body. Radiation hazard and protection linkedin slideshare. The mean score for knowledge about radiation hazards and protection was 6. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health workers in a teaching hospital in northern. Radiation can damage health in ways other than cancer.

Hrd797 more protection from microwave radiation hazards needed. The range of wavelengths of radiation in which the energy is transmitted by photons. To achieve these standards, it actively wrha executive medical director, diagnostic imaging program wrha ionizing radiation safety council radiosurgery radiation protection committee xray safety committee xrsc. Office of air and radiation office of radiation and indoor air. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation standards. Keane principal physicist, medical physics department, royal sussex county hospital, brighton, england k. Osha standards cover all workers in the private sector, as well as civilian employees of most federal entities. Cancers caused by radiation do not appear until years after the radiation exposure. Overview of effects and protection of nonionizing radiation. The study includes investiga tion of electromagnetic radiation from highvoltage electric lines in inhabited areas in an urban. Michael sheetz, in research regulatory compliance, 2015. This series covers nuclear safety, radiation safety, transport safety and waste safety.

This fact sheet lists the sources of outdoor uvr exposure and discusses why personal protective measures are important year round, not just in the summer months. Electromagnetic waves are not simply waves, but have a dual nature. Aug 01, 2016 the study comprised of administration of standardized semistructured pretested questionnaire to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of radiation hazards, and radiation protection practices of participants, clinical assessment comprising of chest xray, abdominal ultrasound and laboratory investigation on. On radiation protection in hospitals and general practice volume 3 xray diagnosis b. In general, exposure to natural sources of radiation is controllable only to the limited extent that individuals can choose the location in which they live. And is not contaminated poses no radiation hazard to. The ionizing radiation has hazardous health effects upon human exposure. Radiation sources provide many beneficial applications for medicine, industry and research, and their uses continue to increase. Radiation hazards in dentistry pdf radiation hazards in dentistry gont. Clear cut effects have not been observed at exposure below 100 msv. Outdoor ultraviolet radiation hazards and protection. Icnirp guidelines for uv radiation 180 400 nm laser radiation 180 nm m.

Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and. Uncontrolled use of manmade radiation carries a potential risk to the health and safety of workers and the public. Radiation hazards to personnel and ordnance radiation hazards radiation hazard radhaz describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordnance, and personnel. A local radiation hazard situation can be caused by, for example, an accident when transporting radioactive substances. Report of the statewide program for radiation protection in the use of dental. Radiation hazards and protection pdf environmental protection agency epa is responsible for advising the government on radiation hazards and regulating certain sources of radioactivity in the. Radiation hazards and protection ministry of labour. Basics of radiation and radiation protection world health. Different types of cancers are reported to be arising on account of overt exposure to ionizing radiation like xrays. The statutes are found in the health and safety code, division 104environmental health. Environmental protection agency epa is responsible for advising the government on radiation hazards and regulating certain sources of radioactivity in the environment. Epas unique role pdf 2 pp, 411 k, march 2002, 402f01021 radiation, environmental standards, radioactivity.

Radiation safety is a major concern in this modern era of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. Frequency is measured by counting the number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second. In general, exposure to natural sources of radiation is controllable only to the limited extent that. Eu scientific seminar 2015 risk communication proceedings of a scientific seminar held in luxembourg on 18 november 2015.

Due to the deep penetration, they present an external exposure hazard. Objectives of radiation protection the international commission of radiation protection icrp stated that the overall objectives of radiation protection is to provide an appropriate standard of protection for man without unduly limiting the beneficial practices giving rise to radiation exposure. Detonation of an improvised nuclear device ind download pdf. Radiation safety and protection program requirement guidance in california, all radiation sources, either radiation xray machines or radioactive material, are subject to state laws and regulations. Radiation safety act 1999 application to change an approved radiation safety and protection plan to the chief executive. The term of radiation hazards is connected to the hazardous levels of ionizing radiation.

Health and safety planning guide for protecting responders. Radiation, like many potentially harmful things, is a very useful tool and can be safely controlled. Use ceiling suspended screens, lateral shields and table curtains must for interventional radiology procedures. If people are contaminated with nuclear fallout, selfdecontamination can rapidly decrease radiation hazard from category 5 to category 2 or 1. Atoms are a million times thinner than a single strand of human hair, and are composed of even smaller particles some of which are electrically charged.

Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive. Environmental protection agency epa is responsible for advising the government on radiation hazards and regulating certain sources of radioactivity in the. Application for registration with the radiation protection service form 2010e. The wrha is committed to high standards of ionizing radiation safety for patients, visitors, staff, trainees and students. It outlines dose limits and risk assessment for radiation hazards, and cites relevant legislation and standards. The forces at work in radiation are revealed upon examining the structure of atoms. This is where the canadian nuclear safety commission cnsc comes in. Take all precautions necessary to provide reasonably adequate protection to the health and safety of individuals who are subject to radiation exposure.

An introduction to radiation protection seventh edition 7e. Working party on research implications on health and safety standards of the article 31 group of experts. Hence every medical procedure involving radiation needs to be justified. Thus, health physics, health instruments section, hazards evaluation, etc. This document describes epas role in radiation protection of the environment and the public and its radiation protection program. Three fundamental radiation protection principles apply to radiation sources and to exposed individuals, in all cases where the exposure is controllable. Richard vetter, professor of radiobiology and radiation protection at mayo. Current version of the safety standard was issued in 1996 and is entitled international safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources, in short basic safety standard bss. Radiation health hazards and protection foreword this order updates and supersedes federal aviation administration faa order 3910. International basic safety standards iaea safety standards series no. Additionally, the amount of radiation exposure from dental radiographs depends. The tables below outline oshas standards for ionizing radiation and related hazards.

Doses, radiation hazards are primarily stochastic rather than. When the beta particle is slowed down or stopped, secondary x radiation known as bremsstrahlung may be produced. The risk of carcinogenesis due to radiation exposure. A serious danger of radiation hazard could be caused by a nuclear explosion or an accident at a nuclear power plant in finland or its nearby areas. Radiation hazards n protection linkedin slideshare. The radiological medical practitioner has the primary responsibility for radiation protection and safety of patients.